References

Bird RE, Hardman KD, Jacobson JW, Johnson S, Kaufman BM, Lee SM, Lee T, Pope SH, Riordan

GS, Whitlow M (1988) Single-chain antigen binding-proteins. Science 242:423–426. https://

doi.org/10.1126/science.3140379

Bornholdt ZA, Turner HL, Murin CD, Li W, Sok D, Souders CA, Piper AE, Goff A, Shamblin JD,

Wollen SE et al (2016) Isolation of potent neutralizing antibodies from a survivor of the 2014

Ebola virus outbreak. Science 351:1078–1083. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad5788

Castoldi R, Schanzer J, Panke C, Jucknischke U, Neubert NJ, Croasdale R, Scheuer W, Auer J,

Klein C, Niederfellner G et al (2016) TetraMabs: simultaneous targeting of four oncogenic

receptor tyrosine kinases for tumor growth inhibition in heterogeneous tumor cell population.

Protein Eng Des Sol 29:467–475. https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzw037

Chatenoud I (2003) CD3-specific antibody-induced active tolerance: from bench to bedside. Nat

Rev Immunol 3:123–132. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1000

Chothia C, Novotny J, Bruccoleri R, Karplus M (1985) Domain association in immunoglobulin

molecules: the packing of variable domains. J Mol Biol 186:651–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/

0022-2836(85)90137-8

Chothia C, Lesk AM, Tramontano A, Levitt M, Smith-Gill SJ, Aie G, Sheriff S, Padlan EA,

Davies D, Tulip WR et al (1989) Conformation of immunoglobulin hypervariable regions.

Nature 342:877–883. https://doi.org/10.1038/342877a0

Choy EH, Hazleman B, Smith M, Moss K, Lisi L, Scott DGI, Patel J, Sopwith M, Isenberg AD

(2002) Efficacy of a novel PEGylated humanized and anti-TNF fragment (CDP870) in patients

with rheumatoid arthritis: a phase II double blinded, randomized, dose escalating trial. Rheuma-

tology 41:1133–1137. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/41.10.1133

Chua YJ, Cunningham D (2006) Panitumumab. Drugs Today (Barc) 42:711–779. https://doi.org/

10.1358/dot.2006.42.11.1032061

De Haard HJ, van Neer N, Reurs A, Hufton SE, Roovers RC, Henderikx P, de Bruine AP, Arends

JW, Hoogenboom HR (1999) A large non-immunized human Fab fragment phage library that

permits rapid isolation and kinetic analysis of high affinity antibodies. J Biol Chem 274:18218–

18230. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.26.18218

Faulds D, Sorkin EM (1994) Abciximab (c7E3 Fab): a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic

potential in ischaemic heart disease. Drugs 48:583–598. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-

199448040-00007

Ferrara N, Damico L, Shams N, Lowman H, Kim R (2006) Development of ranibizumab, an anti-

vascular endothelial growth factor antigen binding fragment as therapy for neovascular

age-related macular degeneration. Retina 26:859–870. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.iae.

0000242842.14624.e7

Foote J, Winter G (1992) Antibody framework residues affecting the conformation of the hyper-

variable loops. J Mol Biol 24:487–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(92)91010-m

Graziano RF, Tempest PR, White P, Kelar T, Deo Y, Ghebremariam H, Coleman K, Pfefferkorn

LC, Fanger MW, Guyre PM (1995) Construction and characterization of a humanized anti-

gamma-Ig receptor type 1 (Fc gamma RI) monoclonal antibody. J Immunol 155:4996–5002

Green LL, Hardy MC, Maynard-Currie TH, Louie DM, Mendez H, Abderrahim M, Noguchi M,

Smith DH, Zeng Y et al (1994) Antigen-specific human monoclonal antibodies from mice

engineered with human Ig heavy and light chain YACs. Nat Genet 7:13–21. https://doi.org/10.

1038/ng0594-13

Hudson PJ, Souriau C (2009) Engineered antibodies. Nat Med 9:129–134. https://doi.org/10.1038/

nm0103-129

Hwang WY, Almagro JC, Buss TN, Tan P, Foote J (2005) Use of human germline genes in CDR

homology-based approach to antibody humanization. Methods 36:35–42. https://doi.org/10.

1016/j.ymeth.2005.01.004

Ishida T, Joh T, Wike N, Yamamato K, Utsunomiya A, Yoshida S, Saburi Y, Miyamoto T,

Takemoto S, Suzushima H et al (2012) Defucosylated anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody

416

S. K. Gupta and P. Chaudhary